Vancouver Executive Bus Rental

Vancouver Executive Bus Rental

Wedding bus rental

Each bus boasts plush seating, ensuring you're in the realm of comfort, whether you're heading to a corporate event, a wedding, or simply touring the sights. Moreover, Star Coach insists on rigorous maintenance schedules for their buses, ensuring each vehicle operates at peak performance with no compromise on safety or comfort. Whether you're planning a corporate event, a wedding, or a luxury tour around Vancouver, they ensure your transportation is seamless and stress-free. Learn more about Vancouver Executive Bus Rental here They're committed to making your group travel as enjoyable and stress-free as possible, ensuring your journey isn't just a ride, but a treasured part of your event.

Transport charter

  • Bus charter
  • Casino shuttle
  • Charter vehicle
  • Sport team transportation
  • Charter transportation
  • Bus leasing
  • Community bus service
  • Private bus rental
  • Custom bus rental
  • British Columbia
  • Airport transfer
  • Licensed bus operators
  • Wedding bus rental
  • Hourly bus rental
  • Private group transport
  • Executive bus charter
  • Lower Mainland BC
Stepping into the luxury segment of bus rentals in Vancouver, the Prevost H3-45 presents an unparalleled blend of comfort and style.
This peace of mind is irreplaceable, knowing you're in capable hands. Booking your luxury bus experience is straightforward and user-friendly, ensuring you're on your way to an unforgettable travel adventure with minimal fuss.

Charter shuttle service

  • Custom bus rental
  • British Columbia
  • Airport transfer
  • Licensed bus operators
  • Wedding bus rental
  • Hourly bus rental
  • Private group transport
  • Executive bus charter
  • Lower Mainland BC
  • Greater Vancouver
  • Minibus rental
  • Bus hire
  • Affordable bus rental
  • Bus for hire
  • Long-distance bus
They offer insights and recommendations, enhancing your itinerary with hidden gems and must-see spots that only locals know about. Here, you're at the pulse of the city's vibrant harbor, witnessing the seamless blend of natural beauty and urban sophistication.
Whether you're planning a corporate event, a wedding, or a scenic tour around Vancouver, Star Coach caters to all occasions with customizable options to enhance your journey. Learn more about Star Coach here. They'll then send you a confirmation email, which includes all the details of your trip, from pickup times to any special amenities you've requested. Wedding bus rental To secure your booking, a deposit is required, with the balance due closer to your departure date.

Charter shuttle service

  1. Sport team transportation
  2. Charter transportation
  3. Bus leasing
  4. Community bus service
  5. Private bus rental
  6. Custom bus rental
  7. British Columbia
  8. Airport transfer
  9. Licensed bus operators
  10. Wedding bus rental
  11. Hourly bus rental
  12. Private group transport
  13. Executive bus charter
  14. Lower Mainland BC
  15. Greater Vancouver
  16. Minibus rental
  17. Bus hire
  18. Affordable bus rental
  19. Bus for hire
We've compared the market and adjusted our rates to ensure you're getting the best deal for first-class travel.
You'll find their flexibility and dedication to service transforms your travel plans from mere transportation to a bespoke journey. Entertainment options abound, with the latest in audio-visual technology at your fingertips. After customizing your travel experience with Star Coach, you'll find their booking process to be equally straightforward and user-friendly. We've thought of everything to keep you entertained, making your journey with us not just a trip from A to B, but an experience to remember.

You're not just limited to choosing destinations; you can also select onboard amenities and services to enhance your experience. Star Coach makes these and many more destinations within your reach, ensuring your travels are as splendid as the sights you're set to explore. Want to impress your clients with a sophisticated ride? Instead of the typical shoulder-to-shoulder setup, you'll enjoy seating that's designed for interaction and personal space. You're likely seeking a balance between affordability and high-quality service for your group's travel needs.

Here, you'll find an intuitive interface that guides you through selecting your luxury bus option. Or picture your corporate team traveling together to a retreat or conference, fostering team spirit and camaraderie along the way. Want your logo displayed on the screens? This level of care and attention to detail is what makes the Star Coach difference truly remarkable, elevating them above the competition in Vancouver's bus rental market.

Picture yourself sinking into sumptuous leather seats, losing yourself in a movie on a high-definition screen, or simply enjoying the panoramic views through expansive windows. Star Coach's elite bus rental service in Vancouver offers you just that. Overhead, spacious compartments easily accommodate your carry-on, keeping essentials within reach while maintaining an uncluttered space. Got a question?

They're responsive, understanding, and flexible, ready to accommodate your specific needs and schedules. Star Coach's commitment to combining aesthetics with function means you get the best of both worlds. You'll be in safe hands with our professional drivers who've undergone extensive background checks and possess years of experience navigating Vancouver's streets. Licensed bus operators The plush seating invites you to sink in and relax, each chair designed to cradle you in unparalleled comfort during your journey.

Conference Shuttle Services Vancouver

Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada: 49.3 percent of its residents are not native English speakers, 47.8 percent are native speakers of neither English nor French, and 54.5 percent of residents belong to visible minority groups. It has been consistently ranked one of the most liveable cities in Canada and in the world. In terms of housing affordability, Vancouver is also one of the most expensive cities in Canada and in the world. Vancouverism is the city's urban planning design philosophy.

Citations and other links

Luxury Charter Limousine Coach Vancouver

They've set the bar high, transforming ordinary travel into an extraordinary journey. It asks for basic information such as your travel dates, number of passengers, and any specific requests you might have. Their fleet is designed to cater to all your needs, ensuring that you and your guests arrive in style and comfort. Here, you'll find an intuitive booking platform that guides you through selecting your desired service.

These aren't your run-of-the-mill bus rides. Star Coach makes this process straightforward and hassle-free. Let's create your memorable journey together.

This means you're not just renting a bus; you're securing peace of mind. Feeling peckish? The attention to detail extends to cleanliness and safety, too. Vancouver BC

You can reach out via phone or email, and we'll assist you in tailoring your reservation to meet your specific needs. You can rest easy knowing that reliability is a cornerstone of their service. These vehicles are equipped with the latest technology to ensure fuel efficiency and lower carbon footprints.

Luxury Charter Limousine Coach Vancouver
Corporate Coach Rental Vancouver

Corporate Coach Rental Vancouver

Fancy a bit of group fun? With Star Coach Bus Rentals, elevating your group travel experience in Vancouver becomes effortless and enjoyable. Plus, we offer special discounts for early bookings and repeat customers to make your experience even more rewarding. They're not just about getting you from point A to point B; they're about making the journey as enjoyable as the destination.

The seamless experience from booking to destination has made John a repeat customer. But the question remains: does this upscale approach to group transport genuinely enhance the overall appeal of Vancouver as a travel destination? Moreover, their drivers aren't just skilled at navigating the roads but are also courteous and well-versed in customer service excellence. Convention transport

Star Coach doesn't just get you to your destination; they make the journey part of the event. Charter transportation You'll get a detailed quote with no hidden fees, so you know exactly what you're paying for. In recent years, an impressive 60% of luxury bus rentals in Vancouver have been attributed to Star Coach, a company that's quickly become synonymous with the epitome of travel opulence.

It's the smart choice for businesses looking to streamline their travel arrangements while ensuring a pleasant and productive journey for everyone involved. We don't believe in a one-size-fits-all approach; instead, we recognize the importance of personalization in creating memorable journeys. It's an extension of your wedding's theme and elegance, seamlessly integrating with the day's festivities.

Vancouver Deluxe Coach Hire

You'll find an intuitive booking platform where you can specify your travel dates, destination, and the number of passengers. Consider it done. As you step aboard a Star Coach bus, you're enveloped in a world where comfort seamlessly blends with luxury.

Transport charter

  1. Bus packages
  2. Party bus
  3. Group tour bus
  4. Mini coach rental
  5. Bus rental for tours
  6. Vancouver city
  7. Vancouver
  8. Corporate bus rental
  9. Team travel
  10. School bus rental
  11. Motor coach rental
  12. Bus provider
  13. Field trip bus
  14. Bus fleet
  15. Crew shuttle
  16. Downtown bus rental
  17. Safe bus rental
  18. Event transportation
With onboard Wi-Fi, you can stay connected to the internet, ensuring you're not missing out on important emails or your social media feeds.

Imagine cruising along the scenic Sea-to-Sky Highway, where the Pacific Ocean meets soaring mountains. With Star Coach, your journey around Vancouver becomes an unforgettable adventure in lavishness and comfort.

Charter transportation

  • Tour bus rental
  • Travel coach
  • Comfortable bus rental
  • Convention transport
  • Transport charter
  • Downtown Vancouver
  • Luxury transportation
  • Bus packages
  • Party bus
  • Group tour bus
  • Mini coach rental
  • Bus rental for tours
  • Vancouver city
  • Vancouver
  • Corporate bus rental
  • Team travel
  • School bus rental
Star Coach doesn't cut corners when it comes to their vehicles.

After exploring what makes Star Coach Bus Rentals a trusted choice for travelers, it's time to see how they can elevate your Vancouver adventure.

Tour transportation

  1. Greater Vancouver
  2. Minibus rental
  3. Bus hire
  4. Affordable bus rental
  5. Bus for hire
  6. Long-distance bus
  7. Passenger bus rental
  8. Event shuttles
  9. Festival shuttle
  10. Bus excursion
  11. Senior group travel
  12. Bus driver service
  13. Sightseeing bus
  14. Tour transportation
  15. Bus travel
  16. Transport services
  17. Vancouver area
You won't have to settle for a one-size-fits-all approach. No problem.

Star Coach's team works closely with you to ensure every detail isn't just met, but exceeded. Think professional, courteous drivers, onboard Wi-Fi to keep you connected, and even concierge services to cater to your every whim. Want to spend the morning exploring the vibrant art scene in Mount Pleasant before heading to Granville Island for lunch?

Comfortable bus rental

  1. Vancouver
  2. Corporate bus rental
  3. Team travel
  4. School bus rental
  5. Motor coach rental
  6. Bus provider
  7. Field trip bus
  8. Bus fleet
  9. Crew shuttle
  10. Downtown bus rental
  11. Safe bus rental
  12. Event transportation
  13. Vancouver region
  14. Bus services
  15. Group transportation
  16. City tour bus
  17. Bus line
  18. Luxury bus rental
  19. Coach hire
  20. Shuttle service


Vancouver Deluxe Coach Hire
Vancouver Group Travel Solutions
Vancouver Group Travel Solutions

They understand that no two trips are the same. Their experience isn't just about years on the road; it's about understanding what makes a trip memorable and stress-free for you.

Travel coach

  1. Long-distance bus
  2. Passenger bus rental
  3. Event shuttles
  4. Festival shuttle
  5. Bus excursion
  6. Senior group travel
  7. Bus driver service
  8. Sightseeing bus
  9. Tour bus rental
  10. Travel coach
  11. Comfortable bus rental
  12. Convention transport
  13. Transport charter
  14. Downtown Vancouver
  15. Luxury transportation
Star Coach elevates your special day with bespoke wedding packages designed to complement their premier event transportation, ensuring your journey to the altar is as memorable as the ceremony itself. We believe in the power of sustainable travel and are dedicated to implementing eco-friendly practices across our operations.

Vancouver area

  • Motor coach rental
  • Bus provider
  • Field trip bus
  • Bus fleet
  • Crew shuttle
  • Downtown bus rental
  • Safe bus rental
  • Event transportation
  • Vancouver region
  • Bus services
  • Group transportation
  • City tour bus
  • Bus line
  • Luxury bus rental
  • Coach hire
  • Shuttle service
  • Bus charter
  • Casino shuttle
  • Charter vehicle
  • Sport team transportation

We understand that the quality of your ride directly impacts your travel experience, which is why we're committed to providing nothing but the best. You're not just booking a bus; you're securing peace of mind that your schedule is as important to them as it's to you. Whether you're planning a small team retreat, a large conference, or anything in between, they've got you covered.
A Star Coach representative will promptly get in touch to confirm your booking and discuss any additional requirements. With a range of vehicles from luxury coaches to minibusses, they've got your transportation needs covered, no matter the size of your party. Charter shuttle service You've probably heard the theory that luxury transportation can significantly elevate a city's tourism experience, but have you ever wondered just how much of an impact it truly has? Read more about Vancouver Executive Bus Rental here
Imagine gliding through the bustling streets of downtown Vancouver, where every corner offers a new discovery, in the comfort and style of a Star Coach bus. If you're happy with the offer, you can confirm your booking with just a few more clicks. Star Coach in Vancouver is putting this theory to the test, offering five-star bus rental experiences that aim to transform group travel into an unforgettable journey of comfort, luxury, and personalized exploration.

Bus Charter Services In Vancouver

Our state-of-the-art buses utilize the latest in eco-technology, significantly reducing emissions compared to traditional travel methods. Choosing Star Coach means you're opting for a travel experience that's unmatched in elegance and reliability. You're not just choosing a premium travel option; you're supporting a company that's serious about protecting the environment. Their corporate packages aren't just about transporting you from point A to point B; they're about creating an experience.
Customers frequently mention the pristine condition of the buses, the professionalism of the drivers, and the ease of the booking process. Community bus service Wi-Fi connectivity keeps you plugged in, while onboard entertainment options ensure there's never a dull moment.

Tour transportation

  • Vancouver region
  • Bus services
  • Group transportation
  • City tour bus
  • Bus line
  • Luxury bus rental
  • Coach hire
  • Shuttle service
  • Bus charter
  • Casino shuttle
  • Charter vehicle
  • Sport team transportation
  • Charter transportation
  • Bus leasing
  • Community bus service
  • Private bus rental
So, when you choose Star Coach for your travels, you're not just getting a ride-you're ensuring a journey where your well-being is the top priority.
These coaches aren't about mere travel; they're about creating unforgettable moments. You won't have to worry about draining your device's battery or using up your data, as onboard Wi-Fi keeps you connected, and power outlets are readily available. Need WiFi to keep everyone connected on the go?
It's clear that Star Coach isn't just meeting expectations; they're exceeding them. Bus travel We consider factors like the time of day, the nature of your event, and your preferences for scenic versus direct routes. It's like having an extra set of eyes that constantly monitors road conditions, keeping you safe when the weather turns bad.

Explore Vancouver Executive Bus Rental here
Bus Charter Services In Vancouver
1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

[edit]

The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

[edit]
Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

[edit]

A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

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The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

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Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

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The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

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Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

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A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
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  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

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